Hi, the damages are based on initial damage of the spell. Then come your basic stat : vigor. The more amount of vigor you have, the strongest your spells will be.
Then is coming your Patron level (4 or 5) which increase these basic damages by 200% (level 4) or 250% (level 5).
Then, it's your runes who will increase your damages.There is already a post on the forum who explain how the runes levels works, but basically, each level will increase your basic damages + patron buff by 4.5-4.9 each level of runes.
Then are coming your secondary stats. They are the strongest that you can have. From 0 to 199 points on this kind of stats (elemental damage, holy damage etc) the value of dmg inscrease is Higher than Determination or Proficiency. So be sure to check your abilities to see if you deal physical damages, or holy damages, or elemental damages etc.
Then there is your 3 offensives stats, which are : Proficiency (increase your damges by X%), Determination (Increase your damages by a higher % if you maintain your determination close to 100 (it's showed under your characters window) and Brutality (Increase your damages by X %, the more your target is low, the more damages you will do). For these stats, after a lot of test, the better is 90 Profiency, The maximum Determination you can, 90 brutality for a PVE raid, or boss etc. For PVP, you have to find your balance between Profiency and Brutality, since Determination is useless for most of the classes on PVP cause it's nearly impossible to keep your Determination at 100%.
There is a last kind of stats : the Swiftness, Critical Chances, Critical Damages and Double Attack but it depends of your classes. So can't really tell but it increase the damage differently since each stats is specific.